iptables在Linux发行版本如Centos、Debian、Ubuntu、Redhat等的配置内容基本一致,但是配置方式有所不同。由于工作日常用的是Centos 6.x,它的配置较简单。下面对Debian上配置iptables做一个说明。
配置步骤
- 使用用户名/密码登录系统
root@localhost:~#
- 安装iptables
root@localhost:~# apt-get install iptables
- 安装成功后查看iptables端口开放情况
root@localhost:~# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination root@localhost:~#
INPUT、FORWARD和OUTPUT链中均没有内容,说明此时iptables是空的,没有进行任何配置。
- 配置iptables
(1)编辑iptables.test.rules,保存其配置
root@localhost:~# vi /etc/iptables.test.rules # Generated by iptables-save *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT -I INPUT -p udp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed
上述是一个模板,可以根据需求进行修改。如上开放了tcp22端口,以及8888的tcp和udp端口。
(2)加载iptables.test.rules规则,并查看
root@localhost:/home# iptables-resotre < /etc/iptables.test.rules root@localhost:/home# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:8080 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:8080 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination root@localhost:/home#
(3)设置开机启动
root@localhost:/home# vi /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables #!/bin/bash /sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules root@localhost:/home# chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
(4)重启查看是否开机加载
root@localhost:/home# reboot root@localhost:~# iptables -L
结束语
按照上述步骤进行配置,可以实现开机加载iptables规则。如果发生问题,多配置几遍就可以。Centos的配置主要在/etc/sysconfig/iptables进行配置,然后使用chkconfig开启开机启动即可。在实际的运维需求中,可以根据应用系统情况,合理的开放端口。